Latihan Untuk Kelompok D 2 Pi.

Nasreddin and the Smell of Soup

One day, a poor man, who had only one piece of bread to eat, was walking past a restaurant. There was a large pot of soup on the table. The poor man held his bread over the soup, so the steam from the soup went into the bread, and gave it a good smell. Then he ate the bread.
The restaurant owner was very angry at this, and he asked the man for money, in exchange for the steam from the soup. The poor man had no money, so the restaurant owner took him to Nasreddin, who was a judge at that time. Nasreddin thought about the case for a little while.
Then he took some money from his pocket. He held the coins next to the restaurant owner's ear, and shook them, so that they made a jingling noise.
"What was that?" asked the restaurant owner.
"That was payment for you," answered Nasreddin.
"What do you mean? That was just the sound of coins!" protested the restaurant owner.
"The sound of the coins is payment for the smell of the soup," answered Nasreddin. "Now go back to your restauran

Nasreddin's Visitors

One day a visitor came to Nasreddin's house. "I am your cousin from Konya," he said, "and I have brought you a duck to celebrate the visit." Nasreddin was delighted. He asked his wife to cook the duck, and served the visitor a fine dinner.
The next day another visitor arrived. "I am the friend of the man who brought you the duck," he said. Nasreddin invited him in and gave him a good meal. The next day another visitor arrived, and said he was the friend of the friend of the man who had brought the duck. Again Nasreddin invited him in for a meal. However, he was getting annoyed. Visitors seemed to be using his house as a restaurant.
Then another visitor came, and said he was the friend of the friend of the friend of the man who had brought the duck. Nasreddin invited him to eat dinner with him. His wife brought some soup to the table and the visitor tasted it. "What kind of soup is this?" asked the visitor. "It tastes just like warm water." "Ah!" said Nasreddin, "That is the soup of the soup of the soup of the duck."

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One day Nasreddin borrowed a pot from his neighbour Ali. The next day he brought it back with another little pot inside. "That's not mine," said Ali. "Yes, it is," said Nasreddin. "While your pot was staying with me, it had a baby."
Some time later Nasreddin asked Ali to lend him a pot again. Ali agreed, hoping that he would once again receive two pots in return. However, days passed and Nasreddin had still not returned the pot. Finally Ali lost patience and went to demand his property. "I am sorry," said Nasreddin. "I can't give you back your pot, since it has died." "Died!" screamed Ali, "how can a pot die?" "Well," said Nasreddin, "you believed me when I told you that your pot had had a baby."

WRITING B1 PUTERA

Procedure Texts

READING, GENRE: PROCEDURE TEXT

Procedure/Procedural Text, Teks Prosedur, adalah teks yang berisi prosedur, instruksi, proses, cara, atau langkah-langkah dalam membuat/melakukan (mengoperasikan) sesuatu.

Ciri-ciri Procedure Text:

1. Struktur umumnya (generic structure) terdiri dari:

Goal/Aim: tujuan dan maksud isi teks. Contoh: How to make sandwich…

Material/Tool: bahan atau alat-alat yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat/melakukan sesuatu. Contoh: The materials are as follows: 1. Two slides of bread, 2. Fried-egg, strawberry jam, chocolate sprinkles, ….

Steps/Procedures: langkah-langkah atau prosedur dalam melakukan/membuat sesuatu. Contoh: First, take two slides of bread and …

2. Menggunakan tenses “simple present”

3. Sering memakai kalimat Perintah (imperatives/orders). Contoh: Turn on the lamp, Put the rice into the rice cooker, Don’t forget to press the ‘on’ button, …

4. Kata-kata urutan (sequences). Contoh: first, second, then, next, the last, finally…

Contoh dan Pembahasan Soal Procedure Text:

Example of Procedure text

How to charge hand phone battery

prepare your :
- hand phone
- battery charger

Steps :
1. Connect the charger to your hand phone, the flash symbol on the charger plug must face upward.
2. Wait until the battery icon appears on the screen.
3. Charge the battery approximately 5 hours or until the battery icon indicates that the battery is fully charged.
4. Remove the charger by pulling out from your hand phone.

How to Make Orange Tea

Ingredients: 1 orange, sweet tea, soda drink (use uncoloured soda), and ice.

Utensils: Jug, knife, spoon, and drinking glass.

Method:

1. Cut the orange into circle shapes, try to cut it thinly.

2. Put the cut orange and ice into jug.

3. Pour the soda drink into the jug.

4. Add the already prepared sweet tea.

5. Stir the ingredients in the jug well.

6. After pouring the orange tea in a glass, you can decorate the brim of the glass with left over orange pieces.

How to make Lemonade
Ingredients:
For each glass use:
- 2 tablespoons of lemon juice.
- 2 tablespoons of sugar.
- 1 glass of water
Methods:
1. Slice a lemon in half and squeeze the juice into a cup.
2. Take out the seeds.
3. Pour two tablespoons of juice into glass.
4. Add sugar
5. Add water and stir well
6. Taste the lemonade. You may want to add more sugar or more lemon to make it taste just right
7. Put it in ice cubes. A drop of red food coloring will make pink lemonade

HOW TO MAKE PEANUT CRUNCH
What you’ll need :
v 1 cup of peanuts
v 3 cups of brown sugar
v 2 tablespoons of vinegar
v 1 cup of water

What to do :
Place the sugar, water and vinegar into a large saucepan.
Stir slowly over a low heat until the sugar is disolved
Add peanuts , increase the heat and allow to boil
Remove from the heat when the nuts have craked and the mixture appears golden brown
Allow bubbles to settle
Spoon into small paper patty cases or pour the mixture into a flat greased pan and mark into bite-size pieces.

Makes enough Peanut Crunch for six people.

MATERI READING D.2 PI.

ADVERBS

Adverbs (Kata Keterangan atau kata tambahan) adalah kata yang menjelaskan bagaimana caranya, di mana tempatnya, kapan waktunya, berapa kali dan sebagainya, suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau suatu peristiwa terjadi.

Fungsi Adverbs:

1. Adverbs menerangkan kata kerja (Verbs)

• They work hard. (hard menerangkan work)
• She speaks French fluently.

2. Adverbs menerangkan kata sifat (Adjectives)

• Mr. Alex is very rich. (very menerangkan rich)
• This coffee is too hot to drink.

3. Adverbs menerangkan Kata Depan (Prepositions)

• The cat is sitting almost outside the door. (almost menerangkan outside)
• I arrived there long before the time.

4. Adverbs menerangkan kata keterangan lainnya (Adverbs)

• I can swim very well. (very menerangkan well)
• You worked too hard.

5. Adverbs menerangkan Kata Sambung (Conjunctions)

• I can see clearly how she killed her mother. (clearly menerangkan how)
• I arrived at home precisely before the rain fell.

6. Adverbs menerangkan keseluruhan kalimat

• Yesterday, we saw your boyfriend in the mall.
• Unfortunately, the boy was killed in the end of the film

PEMBENTUKAN KATA KETERANGAN (ADVERBS)

Ada beberapa cara untuk membentuk Adverbs. Perhatikan berikut ini:
1. Dengan menambahkan "ly" pada akhir Adjectives.

• beautiful - beautifully
• smart - smartly
• serious - seriously
• slow - slowly
• dll

2. Ada juga beberapa Adverbs yang memiliki bentuk yang sama dengan Adjectives-nya.

• fast - fast
• hard - hard
• free - free
• dll

3. Ada juga 1 kata sifat yang memiliki bentuk yang berbeda pada Adverbs-nya

• good - well

ADVERBS dibagi dalam 3 golongan, yaitu:

1. Simple Adverbs
2. Interrogative Adverbs
3. Relative Adverbs

PENJELASAN

1. Simple Adverbs
Golongan ini terbagi lagi menjadi:
1). Adverbs of Time (Keterangan Waktu)

Kata keterangan waktu yang sering dipakai adalah: now, then, ago, since, before, already, soon, immediately, instantly, presently, late, lately, early, afterwards, today, yesterday, tomorrow, dsb..

• Press the button now.
• I have never been.
• I tell him daily.

2). Adverbs of Place (Keterangan Tempat)
Adverbs ya ng sering dipakai adalah: here, there, hence, thence, above, below, beside, in, on, inside, outside, far, near, dll.

• Daisies grow everywhere.
• I did not put it there.

3). Adverbs of Number (Kata Keterangan Bilangan)
Adverbs yang sering dipakai adalah: once, twice, thrice, again, firstly, never, often, sometimes, dll

• I go to school five times a week
• You have to take the medicine twice a day.

4). Adverbs of Manner, Quality, State (Kata Keterangan Cara, Kualitas, dan Keadaan)
Adverbs yang sering dipakai adalah: well, seriously, probably, thus, so, dll.

• I can finish the work quickly
• He ran fast

5). Adverbs of Quantity, Extent, Degree (Kata Keterangan Kuantitas, Taraf, Tingkat)
Adverbs yang sering dipakai adalah much, too, enough, very, somewhat, rather, completely, dll.

• You are quite right
• You are young enough to be an acctress.

2. Interrogative Adverbs
Adverbs jenis ini terbagi lagi menjadi:
1). Adverbs of Time

• When did you came?
• How long will you stay at the hotel?

2). Adverbs of Place

• Where do you live?
• When did you come?

3). Adverbs of Number

• How often do you come to her house?

4). Adverbs of Manner, Quality, State

• How did you do the homework?
• How are you today?

5). Adverbs of Quantity, Extent, Degree

• How far was the news true?

6). Adverbs of Cause and Effect

• Why did he leave?
• Wherefore did she weep?

3. Relative Adverbs
Adverbs jenis ini berhubungan dengan:
1). Antecedent (Kata yang mendahului) Dinyatakan

• This is the hotel where she stays at
• let me know the time when you will leave for London

2). Antecedent Dimengerti

• This is where she stays at
• let me know when you will leave for London.

COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADVERBS

1. Adverb yang terdiri dari 1 suku kata, maka tambahkan "er" untuk tingkat lebih, dan "est" untuk tingkat paling

Adverbs	Tingkat Lebih	Tingkat Paling
Fast	faster	fastest
Hard	harder	hardest
Late	later	latest, last
Soon	sooner	soonest

2. Adverbs yang terdiri lebih dari 1 suku kata, maka tambahkan "more" untuk tingkat lebih, dan "most" untuk tingkat "paling"

Adverbs	Tingkat Lebih	Tingkat Paling
seriously	more seriously	most seriously
successfully	more successfully	most successfully
Loudly	more loudly	most loudly
beautifully	more beautifully	most beautiful

3. Adverbs yang tidak beraturan, perhatikan bentuk perbandingannya berikut ini:

Adverbs	Tingkat Lebih	Tingkat Paling
Well	better	best
Far	farther, further	farthest, furthest
Much	more	most
Little	less	least

Contoh:

• William belajar Bahasa Inggris lebih serius daripada abangnya.
  (William studies English more seriously than his brother does)
  (BUKAN: more serious, sebab, kita sudah mendapati kata "study", maka kita harus menggunakan Adverbs sesudahnya, bukan Adjectives)
• William studies English harder than his brother does.

CARA PEMAKAIAN ADVERBS

Ada 2 cara pemakaian Adverbs, yaitu:

1. Attributive
Adverbs dipakai secara atributif, jika Adverbs menerangkan katanya secara biasa, yaitu jika Adverbs diletakkan sedekat mungkin di depannya atau di belakangnya.

• He shouted loudly
• He is quite right
• He is entirely wrong

2. Predicative
Adverbs dipakai sebagai predicative jika Adverbs dijadikan bagian dari predikat sebuah kalimat, atau jelasnya, jika ia dipakai sebagai komplemen dari kata kerja yang mendahuluinya.

• The struggle is over
• She will be better soon
• The two girls are much alike
• My new book is out
• She is well today

LETAK ADVERBS DI DALAM KALIMAT

Penempatan kata keterangan dalam suatu kalimat pads umumnya menggunakan pola sebagai berikut:
1. Dalam keadaan biasa, kata keterangan disusun dalam urutan Adverb of Place or Direction, Adverb of Frequency, Adverb of Time. (A. of P or D, A. of F, A. of T).
Contoh:

• I have been to London several time this year.
• He walked round the park twice before supper.
• She gave lectures at the college three days a week last year.

2. Dalam keadaan biasa, susunan kata keterangan adalah Adverb of Manner, Place, and Time.
Contoh:

• Arifah studies seriously at school every day.
• Ali ate food greedily at home this morning.
• My elder brother works hard at the office yesterday.

3. Adverb of Frequency berada setelah kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb atau modal)), bila dalam kalimat ada kata kerja bantu-nya.
Contoh:

• I have almost finished working.
• They didn't even try to help.
• She has justfinished breakfast.
• The post has already come.

4. Bila terdapat 'verb of movement' atau kata kerja yang menunjukkan gerak/ perpindahan, maka di belakangnya langsung diikuti 'adverb of place' yang seolah-olah berfungsi sebagai objek tujuan. Kata kerja tersebut misalnya: go, move, visit, come, run, walk, jump, travel dan lain sebagainya.
Contoh:

• We will go to Bali by plane.
• She drives her car to the village slowly.
• The finally arrived home after spending the whole night on the road. etc.

Bila dalam sebuah kalimat terdapat beberapa keterangan yang sejenis, maka kata keterangan tersebut disusun mulai dari urutan yang terkecil. Namun pola-pola tersebut di atas tetap dipakai. (nomor 1-4).

Contoh:

• He visited the hospital, in J1. Jend. Sudirman, on foot, reluctantly, at 9 o'clock, last Sunday.

Beberapa jenis adverbs tertentu dapat menempati (diletakkan pada) tiga posisi dalam suatu kalimat, di awal, di tengah, atau di akhir kalimat, namun ada pula beberapa adverb yang hanya dapat menempati pads satu atau dua posisi tertentu dalam suatu kalimat.

Sukorejo, 22 Oktober 2010

By Azhal Zamili for English Language Departement Of IAI Ibrahimy