TUGAS D.2 WRITING PA.

TUGAS UNTUK D.2 WRITING

Rabu, 28 Desember 2011

I. Identify the nouns. Use a noun in the first sentence as an adjective in the second sentence.

1. My garden has vegetables. It is a vegetable garden

NOUN NOUN NOUN NOUN

2. The program is on television. It is a __________________ program

3. He climbs mountains. He is a ______________________climber.

4. The lesson concerned history. It was a __________________lesson.

5. Tom works for government. He is a ______________________worker.

6. The soup has beans. It is a _____________________soup.

7. The factory makes automobiles. It is an ___________________________factory.

8. Janet forecasts the weather. She is a _____________________________forecaster.

9. This book is about grammar. It is a __________________book.

10. Flags fly from poles. Many government buildings have ______________poles.

II. The following sentences have many mistakes in the use of nouns.

- Find each noun.

- Decide if the noun should be plural.

- Write the correct plural form as necessary

Do not change any of the words in the sentences.

1. The mountain in chile are beautiful.

- The Mountains in chile are beautiful

2. Cat hunt mouse

3. Mosquito are small insect

4. Everyone has eyelash

5. Goose are larger than duck

6. What are your favorite radio program?

7. Forest sometimes have fire. Forest fire endanger wild animal.

8. Sharp kitchen knife can be dangerous weapon

9. There are many different kind of people in the world

10. I applied to several foreign university because I want to study abroad next year

11. Ted Lives with three other university student

12. The offspring of animal like horse, zebra, and deer can run soon after they are born

13. I like to read book and magazine article about true personal experience

14. Many modern device require battery to work. Flashlight, pocket calculator, portable radio, and many kind of toy often need battery

Tugas ini dikerjakan, dan dikumpulkan minggu depan, malam kamis tanggal 04 Januari 2012

TRIMS and Good Luck!

TTD.

Ahmad Zamili.

NARRATIVE TEXT

NARRATIVE
Purpose: To amuse/entertain the readers and to tell a story

Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Complication
3. Resolution
4. Reorientation

Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Chronologically arranged

Narrative Text, adalah teks yang isinya merupakan cerita atau kisah tentang sesuatu. Contoh narrative text: cerita rakyat (folktale), cerita binatang (fable), Legenda (legend), cerita pendek (short story), dan sejenisnya. Di dalamnya terdapat konflik/puncak masalah yang diikuti dengan penyelesaian. Fungsi utama teks ini adalah untuk berkisah atau menghibur pembaca.

Ciri-ciri narrative text:

1. Generic Structure:

• Orientation: berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana)
• Complication: Berisi puncak konflik/masalah dalam cerita. Sebuah cerita boleh memiliki complication lebih dari satu.
• Resolution: Pemecahan masalah. Bisa berakhir dengan kegembiraan (happy ending) bisa pula berakhir dengan kesedihan (sad ending).

Catatan:

Terkadang juga susunannya (generic structure): Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution dan Reorientation. Untuk “Evaluation” dan “Reorientation” merupakan optional; bisa ada bisa tidak. Evaluation berisi penilaian/evaluasi terhadap jalannya cerita atau konflik. Sedangkan Reorientation berisi penyimpulan isi akhir cerita.

2. Grammatical features menggunakan tenses “past”
3. Sering menggunakan kata penghubung waktu (temporal conjunction), misalnya: once upon a time, one day, long time ago, …

Contoh Narrative Text:

Ali Baba

Once upon a time there were 40 cruel thieves who put their stolen money and treasures in a cave. They went in the cave by saying ”Open Sesame” to the cave entrance. A poor person, named Ali Baba saw them while they were doing that, so he heard the opening word. After they left, he went toward the cave and opened it. Suddenly he found a very large quantity of money and golden treasures. He took some of it and went back home. After that he became a rich man and his brother wanted to know how he became rich.

Ali Baba turned into the richest man in his village. His evil brother was really jealous of him, and wanted to know how he could get such a lot of money. Therefore, when Ali Baba went to the cave again to take some more money, his brother followed him. He saw everything, and decided to go back the next day to take some money for himself. The next morning he found a lot of money in the cave, and he wanted to take all of them. Unfortunately, when he was busy carrying the money to his house, the thieves came. The boss of the thieves asked him how he knew about the cave. He told everything, but unluckily they killed him and went to Ali Baba’s house.

After finding Ali Baba’s house, they made a plan to kill him the following night. Some of the thieves hid in big jars, and the boss pretended that he was a merchant who wanted to sell the jars to Ali Baba. Ali Baba who was a kind man invited the boss of the thief to have lunch together.

After lunch they took a rest. Luckily, the house maid went out of the house, and found that there were thieves inside the jars. She finally boiled hot oil and poured it into the jars to kill all of them. The boss of the thieves was caught, and put into prison.

Ali Baba was saved from the danger, and he finally lived happily ever after with his maid who became his wife shortly after.

Past Continuous Tense

Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang SEDANG TERJADI, tetapi BUKAN sedang terjadi sekarang, melainkan sedang terjadi tetapi DULU, tetapi sudah lewat. Loh sedang kok lewat? bukannya sedang itu artinya masa kini alias sekarang?. Oh ada juga sedang dulu. Mari kita bahas tuntas.

Seperti arti katanya, Past berarti “sudah lewat”, sedangkan Continuous artinya “sedang”. Contohnya gini:

Kemarin teman saya datang ke rumah saya, gedor-gedor pintu, tetapi tidak ada yang membukakan. Padahal saya ada di rumah, tetapi saat itu tuh “Saya sedang tidur!”. Kapan sedang tidurnya? Kemarin, saat teman saya itu datang. Bukan sekarang kan? Tetapi sedang lho! Itulah Past Continuous Tense.

Rumus Past Continuous Tense

Positif: S + was/were + Ving

Negatif: S + was/were + NOT + Ving

Tanya: Was/Were + S + Ving

Contohnya:
I was sleeping when my friend came to my house yesterday

Lihat tuh, “I was sleeping” adalah bagian Past Continuous Tensenya. Sedang tidurnya itu kemarin, saat teman saya datang ke rumah.

Jadi, Past Continuous Tense ini mirip banget rumusnya dengan Present Continuous Tense, bedanya di TOBE nya yang menjadi bentuk kedua.

Ingat-ingat perubahan dan pasangan TO BE nya ya.

Tobe: is, am berubah menjadi WAS
Tobe: are berubah menajdi WERE

I, She, He, It, John, Merry pasangannya adalah WAS
We, They, John and Merry pasangannya adalah WERE.

Contoh kalimat lainnya:
-They were learning in the classroom when I came
Mereka lagi belajar di kelas ketika saya datang.

- I was writing
- Joko was sleeping
- … Ayo anda tambahkan sendiri

Kalimat Negatif Untuk Past Continuous Tense

Gampang bangets nih, tinggal pake rumusnya, tambahkan NOT setelah Tobe (was/were). Ingat rumusnya kan? Yes, Anda benar, rumusnya: S + was/were + NOT + Ving. Misalnya dari contoh sederhana yang terakhir diatas, menjadi:

- I was NOT writing …
- Joko was NOT sleeping …
- … ayo Anda buat yang lain.

Kalimat Tanya Past Continuous Tense

Kembali lagi gampang sekali, yang penting Anda sudah faham penggunaannya seperti saya terangkan diatas. Untuk bikin kalimat tanya tinggal TOBE nya (was atau were) di depan. Berikut ini dari contoh diatas akan menjadi:

- Was I writing ….?

Biasanya sih kalo bertanya kan gak nanya sendiri, karena itu lebih sering contoh-contoh yang ada dibuku pake YOU, sehingga menjadi:

- Were You writing …?

Contoh lain:
- Was Joko Sleeping …?

Tentu saja Anda bisa membuat kalimat yang sangat panjang untuk contoh-contoh ini. Saya bikin ringkas saja agar mudah difahami. Kapan akan lancar bahkan tanpa mikir lagi Anda bisa menggunakan kalimat-kalimat Past Continuous Tense ini? Jawabnya adalah ketika Anda sering memakainya, baik dalam menulis ataupun berbicara. Tul?

Tambahan:
Yes, kalimat Past Continuous Tense sering digandeng dengan Past Tense, tentu saja maksudnya untuk mengatakan bahwa kejadiannya tersebut SEDANG terjadi tetapi di masa LAMPAU (lewat) ketika sesuatu yang lain terjadi. Bagimana jika ingin menyatakan LAMPAU nya saja tetapi tidak menekankan pada SEDANG TERJADInya itu? Yes, gunakan saja Past Tense

Oke, demikian pelajaran singkat tentang Past Continuous Tense

Semoga bermanfaat